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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a massive group of thousands of different human-made chemicals used since the 1940s to make everyday products resist heat, stains, grease, and water . They are the parent family of chemicals that includes PFOS and PFOA .
The defining feature of PFAS is their carbon-fluorine bonds—some of the strongest chemical bonds in nature . Because of these bonds, these chemicals do not break down easily in the environment or the human body, earning them the nickname "forever chemicals". They can be found in everything from non-stick cookware and waterproof jackets to food packaging and firefighting foam, and they have increasingly migrated into global water supplies and soil .